The Effects Of Black Culture On American Literature

Nicole Paul WRIT303 Toni Morrison: Playing in the Dark In Toni Morrison’s article Playing in the Dark, she is discussing how racism effects American literature. To Morrison, black culture is a tiny speck in American literature and she wants to expand it. Before Morrison could even think about doing this, she had to change her perspective and imagine what it is like to be in someone else’s shoes. Morrison states that, â€Å"My work requires me to think about how â€Å"free† I can be as an African-American woman writer in my genderized, sexualized, wholly racialized world.† (pg. 4) To be put in someone else’s shoes means that you need to become them in a sense. American literature holds the tradition where books are written by or about white†¦show more content†¦Race is such a forbidden topic that people do not talk about it so that lessens the chances of that subject being written about. Morrison states that some of these literary critics have not even read any African American literature and t hat has absolutely no impact on the, whatsoever. Some of them just refuse to read African American literature leaving them unaware on what it has to offer. Toni Morrison would like to bring Africanism to American literature. She states â€Å"My early assumptions as a reader were that black people signified little or nothing in the imagination of white American writers.† (pg. 15) It was then Morrison states that she stopped reading as a reader and began reading as a writer. (pg. 15) It seemed as though American literature was being shaped by racial ideology, but in some way authors were representing themselves in the African American characters they put in their writing. Morrison wants to make a change in American literature being her reason for writing this essay. In Playing in the Dark, Toni Morrison’s argument is for extending literary studies into new books. Morrison wants new fields to open up and that is what she is planning on doing. Morrison simply states at the beginning of the essay, â€Å"These chapters put forth an argument for extending the study of American literature into what I hope will be a wider landscape.† (pg. 3) This to Morrison is her goal. It is what she is setting out to do

A Review of the Role of Entrepreneurship in Stimulating Economic Growth free essay sample

They also further states that entrepreneurs have been responsible for growth and development over the centuries and are identified as the key role players in the economy of every country. The paper identifies the different definitions of an entrepreneur which are identified as the different channels in which entrepreneurship lead to economic growth, reduced unemployment and increased levels of income among countries. As a result of the role of entrepreneurship in any country, most countries emphasises on integrating entrepreneurial activity in its economic policy. A discussion is made on developing economies mainly South Africa, China, Brazil and Russia comparing the entrepreneurial activity within the economies. Economic growth is best defined as a long-term expansion of the productive potential of the economy. It is measured by the comparing the difference between the Gross National Product (GNP) in a year with the GNP of the previous year. A growing economy is when the difference is positive. We will write a custom essay sample on A Review of the Role of Entrepreneurship in Stimulating Economic Growth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The term simply refers to an increase in the ability to produce goods and services. It is easier to define unemployment when there is an understanding of the term economic growth. Unemployment refers to when a person who is actively searching for employment cannot find work to do. This is an instrument used to determine the healthiness of an economy. After knowing the levels of unemployment in an economy, determining the level of income distribution becomes a bit projected. The level of income in an economy refers to the way in which in money is distributed among the population in an economy. The above three defined terms has a link to each other. The level of economic growth have a direct proportional influence on the possible jobs available in the economy while a reciprocal relationship exist between the level of income in the particular economy and levels of unemployment. The level of income is directly proportional to economic growth. Also, the level of unemployment is directly proportional to the level of income in an economy. However, all the above aspects are influenced by the level of entrepreneurship in the particular economy. An economy with high activity of entrepreneurship is more likely to be characterized by high economic growth, reducing levels of unemployment and increasing levels of income while an economy with low entrepreneurial activity on the other hand can be characterized by low economic growth, high levels of unemployment and low levels of income. Entrepreneurship cannot be separated from the following terms â€Å"economic growth†, â€Å"employment† and â€Å"country income level distribution† as all the entrepreneurial activities contribute largely to economic growth, levels of employment and income distribution. Different nature of entrepreneurs stimulates the growth of an economy in different ways. In any country with high levels of entrepreneurial activities or which experienced high entrepreneurial activity, the economy tends to be of middle to high income and the unemployment levels tend to be decreasing if not low. However, economies with low income distribution are characterised by low entrepreneurial activities and mostly, there are significant levels of unemployment. Such low income economies have high records of poverty which leads them to seek donors. Different authors made contributions on this topic and this paper compares and links the information obtained into a comprehensive review. The term entrepreneurship has been defined by Schumpeter (1934) as lying in the perceptions and exploration of new opportunities in the realm of business. He further states that it always has to do with bringing about a different use of resources in that they are withdrawn from their traditional employ and subjected to new combinations. Schumpeter relates entrepreneurship to be influenced by entrepreneurs who are innovative and hese people have to be extra-ordinary as they have to come up with extra-ordinary events. They come up with new technological possibilities hence are able to establish large businesses from these. Carland etal. (1984) confirms that an entrepreneur is someone innovative and further says that he or she employs strategic management practices in the business. Timmons (2000) believes entrepreneurship as the process of creating a nd seizing an opportunity and pursuing it, regardless of resources currently controlled. Nieman and Nieuwenhuizen (2009) define an entrepreneur as the person who sees an opportunity in the market, gathers resources and creates and grows a business venture to meet these needs. They also further states that he or she bears risk of the venture and is rewarded with profit if it succeed. With different definitions of entrepreneurship defined by different authors through the way they define an entrepreneur, the researcher generally defines entrepreneurship as the act of being an entrepreneur who establishes business through the organisation of resources taking risk with the aim of realising profit. The Schumpeterian entrepreneur as defined above is innovative. In support for this, Curran and Stanworth (1989) defines entrepreneurship as the creation of new economic entity centred on a novel product or service or, or at the very least, one which differs significantly from products or services offered elsewhere in the market. Such entrepreneurs play a very crucial role in stimulating economic growth. They come up with huge organisations which can be monopolies in the economy. With the nature of big businesses, they would be more likely to produce large volumes of product increasing the GNP thereby contributing significantly to economic growth. With their capacity to produce large volumes, such organisation would take considerable number of employees hence reducing unemployment. By employing people, such entrepreneurs contribute to the increased levels of income in an economy. Another author Kirzner presents a different way in which entrepreneurship can be influenced by an entrepreneur through the way he defines an entrepreneur. According to Kirzner, the entrepreneur is someone who is alert to profitable opportunities for exchange. Such an entrepreneur believes in gathering the needed information, refining and providing it to those in need of it. Such entrepreneurs act as intermediaries for example between suppliers and customers. They are also very important in the growth of an economy as they facilitate inception, incubation of businesses through the provision of supportive information. The information they provide acts as a catalyst into venturing into business and builds confidence to emerging businesses. Emerging businesses require business support for them to have high chances of success hence the Kirzner entrepreneur makes the perfect match for such new businesses whose success lies on business support services. Such an entrepreneur can offer business support services such as business counselling, business mentoring and business incubation.

The Name of the Rose Essay Paper Example For Students

The Name of the Rose Essay Paper Kristopher Rodriguez August 1, 2009 English 3 1. The Rules of St. Benedict are basically 73 rules monks used when they lived in an abbey under an abbot. In this particular novel, the Rule is referring to Cenobites, which are monks living in a monastery under an abbot. Some of the monks follow the Rule, but some of the other monks sometimes break the Rule. For example, in the Rule of St. Benedict, it says that monks are not to act violent towards other monks. Malachi the librarian broke this because the book says, â€Å"And Malachi has struck him with the armillary sphere because it was the only thing he found handy,† (Eco 470). We will write a custom essay on The Name of the Rose Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He broke one of the rules, which was not a good thing. The cellarer also broke one of the rules as well, the book says, â€Å"That he didn’t want the cellarer, who was powerful, or me, young and handsome, to enjoy the love of the village girls anymore,† (Eco 308). What that quote is saying is that the cellarer slept with the women from the village and that is against what the monks believe in. The abbot of the abbey was basically the only one out of the three mentioned who followed the Rule. He was never going against the rule, all he wanted was for the abbey to maintain wealthy and safe. The monks justified them altering for a very obvious reason. They did not want people to think badly about them and they didn’t want to be humiliated by what they did. They altered the rules so that it would be better for them and they wouldn’t get in trouble with anyone. These flaws in the important people of the abbey basically led to the abbey’s destruction. These were the people that the monks looked up to and they were flawed in bad ways. The whole abbey burned to the ground because of a lot of ruckus these people caused the abbey. 2. When William and Adso come upon Nicholas, the master glazier, William and Nicholas engage in a conversation about job stereotypes and of William’s glasses. The metaphor, â€Å"knowing is seeing† is basically saying that when you know more of something, you see things more clearly and you are more aware of the things that surround you. The occupation of the master glazier in this abbey is to fix the windows of the buildings as they get damaged over time. Obviously, to become master glazier, you must know how to work with glass pretty well. Nicholas believes that when you are a glazier, all you should be doing is fixing windows or making new ones. William then says, â€Å"It is not written that master glaziers must go on making windows,† (Eco 86). To us, a mirror is something we use daily to look at our personal appearances. In the novel, the mirror is used in a different way. As Adso is exploring the library, he comes upon a â€Å"ghost† and screams out that it’s a devil. William laughs and says, â€Å"And now you are frightened by your own image. A mirror that reflects your image enlarged and distorted,† (Eco 172). Have you ever been to one of those fun houses where all the mirrors make you look fat and weird? This is exactly what Adso was experiencing, but to him it was a new and scary thing because he had never encountered it. The creators of the library used the mirrors to scare people while they are inside. Knowledge is how much of something you know, and in reference to the mirrors, Adso knows nothing. Most of the time reality is whatever is right in front of you. Sometimes, there are things that make you see things that are not really there, and in that case reality is not what you are seeing right in front of you. Perception is when you become aware of anything using your senses, especially sight and hearing. Perception and reality are related in a major way, because without one, you can’t really have the other. Perception is always related to reality because; you use your senses to see if something that you’re looking at is real and not a figment of your imagination. All of this is completely related to metaphysics because metaphysics is the philosophical study of knowing and being. William knew what the mirror was and he got that from studying and going from place to place. Since he knew what it was, his senses were already accustomed to it and he did not react in the same way Adso did when he saw his reflection in the distorted mirror. . There were some metaphorical qualities surrounding the death of Venantius. When the monks were doing their prayers before dawn, Adso says, â€Å"And I felt the warmth of renewed faith,† (Eco 102). What he is comparing here is warmth to faith and he is saying that when he does anything to do with his faith he feels warm. Another met aphor that Adso said while the monks were in prayer is, â€Å"All bowed toward the altar in a moment of meditation whose sweetness no one can comprehend,† (Eco 102). What he is comparing in this metaphor is his editation to sweetness, because when Adso meditates, he feels peaceful inside his body and that to him is sweet. Another metaphor was when dawn was approaching, it says, â€Å"It was as if the daystar in all its splendor were invading the temple,† (Eco 103). What this metaphor is saying is that the sun is invading the temple. The last metaphor I found was when they found Venantius and were studying the snow, it says, â€Å"Snow, dear Adso, is an admirable parchment on which men’s bodies leave very legible writing,† (Eco 105). This metaphor is comparing the snow to parchment because when you walk on snow you leave footprints and that is what William and Adso were looking for when they were investigating. The monks think that all these deaths are leading up to their doom because Alianardo keeps talking about the trumpets and how more people are going to died and eventually all their deaths do lead to their doom because all the deaths were the reason that the abbey burn to the ground. If none of the deaths had ever happened, the abbey would have never burnt down and nothing that bad would have ever happened in the abbey. Authors include allusions for many different reasons. One of the main reasons authors include allusions in their stories is because a lot of times the reader does not get something and they use allusions to help the reader better understand what they are reading. They try and use allusions of things that most people know and they use the allusions to relate to whatever they are talking about. 4. When you are in the abbey and you talk about laughter, it is not a good thing. To the monks, especially Jorge, laughter is seen as a bad thing. There were a total of three debates with Jorge about laughter. .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b , .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b .postImageUrl , .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b , .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b:hover , .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b:visited , .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b:active { border:0!important; } .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b:active , .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2da1bf13f71392975477e0daef13271b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of mice and men...theme of lonliness in the book EssayThe first debate happened when the monks were eating It all started off when Jorge said that Christ did not laugh. William then says, â€Å"Because laughter, as the theologians teach, is proper to man,† (Eco 95). This angered Jorge and he said that the son of man had the chance to laugh, but he never did. William then tells him that Saint Lawrence was making ridiculous comments to humiliate his enemies when they were going to die. Jorge responds by saying, â€Å"Which proves that laughter is something very close to death and to the corruption of the body,† (Eco 96). This argument ended because the abbot said to be silent. The second debate on the licitness of laughter takes place in the scriptorium when William is looking through Venantius’ desk. What basically happened in this debate is that William thought they were talking about the comedies in the other debate, and Jorge tells him that they were talking about laughter and not about the comedies. They both then go back and forth stating why and why not laughing is a good thing. In the end, Jorge seems a bit upset and the William forgives himself for showing Jorge a lack of respect. The last debate that William has with Jorge about the licitness of laughter is when they are in the finis Africae and Jorge has the book that William wanted. The book that Jorge is hiding is the second book of Aristotle which talks about laughing and comedy as a good thing. Jorge obviously believe that laughing is not a good thing and him and William start having another debate, which then leads Jorge to start eating the papers of the book so that no one will know what the book had to say about laughter. This eventually leads to the destruction of the abbey in a huge fire. . Umberto Eco used a lot of allusions in this novel so that the reader can connect the content to other things and better understand what is going on in the book. One story that The Name of the Rose is used as an allusion to is â€Å"The Gold Bug† by Edgar Allan Poe. It is in a lot of ways alike because first of all the main characters in both stories are named William and the narrator of both stories is bes t friend to the William’s of each stories. Another thing that the story and t he novel have in common is that in a way they both have something to search for. In the Gold Bug, they are looking for the treasure and in The Name of the Rose, they are looking for the murderer that is behind all of the deaths in the abbey. Another thing that is common in both stories is that both of them use some sort of code to get to their desired destination, whether it be the finis Africae or the treasure. The other short story that is somewhat similar in ways to The Name of the Rose is the short story â€Å"Adventure of the Dancing Men† by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The similarities between this one and The Name of the Rose are that they both use a code to decipher things and they both contain murders. Another thing that is sort of similar between these two stories is that in The Name of the Rose, Adelmo kills himself and in the Adventure of the Dancing men, Elsie tries to kill herself, but she doesn’t manage to. The three stories are tied into each other because the three of them include a mystery of some sort, and each of the three stories has some sort of code that leads them to where they want to be. 6. A historical novel is a novel where fictional characters take part in actual historical events and interact with real people from the past. A detective tory is a narrative about someone who investigates crimes and obtains evidence leading to their resolution. A Gothic romance is a romance that deals with desolate and mysterious and grotesque events. A postmodern apocalypse is a writing that refers to the end of the world. An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work with articles on a range of topics. This novel fits under the classifications of historical novel and detective story. It is a historical because constantly throughout the novel, you get references to popes, emperors, and kings. The characters constantly came into contact with people that were real in the past. One of them is Fra Dolcino, who the cellarer and Salvatore both knew. You know that they made contact with him because when the cellarer was in his trial he says, â€Å"I told Dolcino I no longer felt capable of participating in their battle,† (Eco 380). That quote shows that the cellarer came in contact with Fra Dolcino, who really existed in the past. The Name of the Rose is a historical novel, but it is more of a detective story. From day one William is assigned the investigation and the reader knows this because he tells the abbot, â€Å"Will you assign me this mission coram monachis? † (Eco 34). What he said was that if he could investigate in the presence of the monks. Another reason for it being a detective story is because they get their resolutions. One example of William getting a resolution is when he says to Jorge, â€Å"And I should go on leafing like that until a good portion of the poison had passed to my mouth. I am speaking of the poison that you, one day long ago, took from the laboratory of Severinus. † (Eco 469). What he basically telling Jorge is that he figured out why the monks that died had black fingers and a black tongue, they were poisoned when they tried to look through the book. . When you first read the two parts of Salvatore’s language and the dream that Adso had, you think that it doesn’t make any sense and that it doesn’t relate to the story. In some ways it does make the story more interesting and understandable and in other it is just there to entertain. As you know, Salvatore has an extremely weird way of talking. Wh at he does is that he just picks random languages and puts them all in a sentence and what you get is a big jumble of different languages in a sentence, which is difficult to understand. .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f , .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f .postImageUrl , .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f , .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f:hover , .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f:visited , .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f:active { border:0!important; } .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f:active , .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue7ae632c3129af4ddbacaf38b9be483f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Market Opportunity Analysis EssayIf you translate what Salvatore was saying in those pages, you might look at it and have no idea what he is talking about. What he said was that the Devil was coming and a dragon was going to come eat your soul and that the monastery is good, but everything else isn’t worth anything. This is sort of foreshadowing what was going to happen in the future because in a way, the Devil did come to the abbey with all the murders and then in the end with the fire that completely burned down the entire abbey. So it did sort of contribute to the development of the novel if you thought about it. Adso’s dream was also something that didn’t seem important while it really was. Basically, his dream was just a big irony dream because everyone from the past was doing what they were said to have done, and they were all going crazy and behaving wildly. When Adso explained his dream to William, William used it to draw more hypotheses. This is how Adso’s dream contributed to the novel because it helped William get closer to finding out the mystery of what was going on in the abbey. 8. The author’s narrative style would obviously have to be first-person narration because Adso is the one narrating from his point of view. The author used this type of narrative style because it is a good type of narrative style you could use for detective or mystery stories, which this one is. It impacts the perception and the knowledge of the reader because if they reader really wants to find out who is causing all this havoc, then they would have to use their mind to solve the mystery with the clues given. The narrative style affects the perception as well, because it makes you see things in a different way and you try to see things in a way so that it can help you understand what is going on in the book. It impacts the unraveling of the truth because as you go along and you get more knowledgeable about the book, you start to see things more clearly and then when you get all the information that you need, you will have figured out the mystery and uncovered the truth behind what is going on at the time in the book. The discovery of the truth has to be the main objective for the author because the book is a mystery/detective story and all those types of stories have the villan being unveiled in the end. The truth slowly starts to get more obvious as you progress through the book, and if you don’t notice the truth you will at the end because that is what the author wants you to know, the truth. 9. The quote â€Å"Knowing is seeing† is a something that is very true in many ways. One way is that when you know something, your eyes open up to other things and more knowledge can be acquired. That is basically saying that knowledge lets you see things that you never knew existed or stuff that you never thought interesting. Another way you can look it is that until you know something exists, you never knew it was there. An example of that would be that you meet someone new that goes to your school, and when you did not know who they were, you never saw them. Once you realized that they existed, you start seeing them in places that you never saw them before. It happens because since they are not important in your life, you don’t notice them when they are around you, but when you acknowledge their existence you see them more often because they are now part of your life. The setting of this novel is in northern Italy. At the time of the novel, Italy was a very important place because Vatican City was in Italy, and back then, religion was a very important part of everyone’s life. The abbey is a microcosm of the world because like the world, the abbey had a lot of conflicts and mysteries of their own. There was also a diversity of people in the abbey, just like there is in the world. Obviously it is not at the same extent as the world, but that is why it is a microcosm, which is a miniature model of something. Like the world, the abbey has its own conflicts. As you know, 3 of the 4 monks that died committed suicide and the other 3 were murdered. The world, as you know, is a harsh place. Back then, the world was more brutal and if you were mixing yourself with the wrong group, you were accused of heresy and a lot of times, people were burned at the stake. The never burned people at the stake in the abbey, but the people who died there, died of horrible ways. 10. To me there is one basic universal truth in this novel. The universal truth that I saw in this novel is to let people have their own opinions and to worry about yourself and nobody else. Jorge thought that by hiding the book in the finis Africae, he was protecting the abbey when really, he is the reason that the abbey was destroyed. If you think of it in a metaphysics way, it was sort of like he knew what was inside the book and he didn’t want anyone else to know because he had his own opinions about the book and he thought the book was bad, so he didn’t take anyone into consideration and kept the book hidden. The monks in this novel obviously are well in tune with their religious side, and they take their religion very seriously. Some of them believe that religion should be above all things, but people like Jorge think that material things are more important and should be protected. The stuff that was kept in the crypt was important, but what they signified was what was important. If stuff didn’t have any significance, than it wouldn’t really matter if we had them or not. The monks all had one belief set in stone and usually if you had another belief you were called a heretic, and you were killed. This is sort of wrong, because today there are many different religions and just because you have a different religion from someone doesn’t mean that you or the other person has to die. You just have to be considerate of other people’s opinions and keep your opinions to yourself and if necessary, express them in an orderly way.

Elderly Abuse

Elderly Abuse Free Online Research Papers Physical elder abuse is non-accidental use of force against an elderly person that results in physical pain, injury, or impairment. Such abuse includes not only physical assaults such as hitting or shoving but the inappropriate use of drugs, restraints, or confinement. In emotional or psychological senior abuse, people speak to or treat elderly persons in ways that cause emotional pain or distress. Verbal forms of emotional elder abuse include intimidation through yelling or threats humiliation and ridicule habitual blaming or scapegoating. Nonverbal psychological elder abuse can take the form of ignoring the elderly person isolating an elder from friends or activities terrorizing or menacing the elderly person Sexual elder abuse is contact with an elderly person without the elder’s consent. Such contact can involve physical sex acts, but activities such as showing an elderly person pornographic material, forcing the person to watch sex acts, or forcing the elder to undress are also considered sexual elder abuse Elder neglect, failure to fulfill a caretaking obligation, constitutes more than half of all reported cases of elder abuse. It can be active (intentional) or passive (unintentional, based on factors such as ignorance or denial that a n elderly charge needs as much care as he or she does). This involves unauthorized use of an elderly person’s funds or property, either by a caregiver or an outside scam artist misuse an elder’s personal checks, credit cards, or accounts steal cash, income checks, or household goods forge the elder’s signature engage in identity theft. Elder abuse is one of the most disturbing and rapidly growing areas of crime in the United States. First recognized by Congress in hearings some 25 years ago, it remains a national disgrace and hidden phenomenon in our communities. While variously defined, elder abuse can encompass arrange of destructive behaviors directed at older adults including acts of commission, considered to be abuse, and acts of omission, categorized as neglect. Abuse and neglect may be intentional or unintentional, financial or material exploitation, and self-neglect (National Center for Elder Abuse, 2003; Hamilton, 2003). All threaten the health and welfare of an older person. The boxes below provide expansion on the definitions of abuse, neglect, and exploitation (Maine DHHS/OES, 2003). It is estimated that as many as 5 million persons 65 and older are abused in the United States annually. Approximately 84% of all cases of abuse are never reported (Legal Services for the Elderly, 2001). Maine, the nation’s oldest state in median age and second most rural state, has a rate of elder abuse estimated to be above the national average (Hamilton, 2003; Maine DHHS/OES, 2006). In addition, Maine’s elderly suicide rate is among the highest in the United States (Associated Press, 2002). In Maine, it is estimated that only one of every 14 incidents of elder abuse is reported (Legal Services for the Elderly, 2001). This represents an estimated total of approximately 14,000 victims annually, the vast majority of whom are unknown to the state’s health and welfare system and therefore do not benefit from the services available to address elder abuse, neglect, and interpersonal violence (Hamilton, 2003; Maine DHHS/OES, 2006). The majority of cases of elder abus e go unreported making it a hidden problem within the communities that we live in. There are many reasons why abuse goes undetected. Often the abuser is a family member and caregiver who is the sole lifeline for the dependent victim’s basic needs. Many older adults tolerate abuse rather than risk losing the close personal ties of the abusive family member who is most often a child or a spouse. Victims tend to minimize the seriousness of the abuse so as not to place the abuser at risk, or fearing institutionalization, to jeopardize their living arrangement. There is a common belief that these types of issues are â€Å"family matters† and should be handled within the family itself. However, because the abuser is often times a member of the family, there is a tendency for other family members to cover up the situation. Also, there is a tendency for the victim to blame him or herself for the abuse or want to protect the abuser from â€Å"getting in trouble.† There has been some progress over the last few decades in raising public awareness of the epidemic of elder abuse in America. There have been research studies, demographic reports, as well as anecdotal studies focused on elder abuse. However, despite all of these steps forward, elder abuse can be considered to be where child abuse and domestic violence were 25 years ago (i.e., at the â€Å"tip of the iceberg† stage of overall public awareness). There are several reasons for this elder abuse is not clearly defined, funding for elder abuse intervention and preventio n is limited, and the public has not yet taken elder abuse into its vernacular (Solomon, 2006). In 1998 the Administration on Aging published its final report on The National Elder Abuse Incidence Study. This study advocated for a sentinel approach to elder abuse using the model developed by Westat for officially reporting child abuse (Administration on Aging, 1998). This approach is based on the assumption that reported cases of elder abuse represent only the â€Å"tip of the iceberg†, and that most cases are not reported to Elder homicide-suicides usually involve spouses or intimate partners who kill their partners and then commit suicide. These killings are often prompted by the physical decline, hospitalization or institutionalization of one of the individuals in the relationship. The events are often mistakenly assumed to be ‘double suicides’ or ‘mercy killings’, however, when the cases are looked at with closer scrutiny, it is usually revealed that one partner was not a willing participant. Many homicide-suicides appear to be motivated by the perpetrators’ need to control the other person. In fact, in 33% of such cases, there is a history of domestic violence (Cohen, 1998) Research Papers on Elderly AbuseThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Moral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductTwilight of the UAW

Auditing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Auditing Research - Essay Example This shows that once the company initiates its international expansion, it will become an even greater threat. In cases when Under Armour, albeit a smaller company, becomes more prominent among the customer population, Nike will no longer remain the most desired company for sports garments and this hinders the main objective of Nike that is to improve as well as protect the position of Nike as the number one brand in US. Furthermore, Nike not only faces huge threat and competition from major sports brands but also faces threats from fake Nike goods. According to an article by BBC, almost 135,000 fake Nike running shoes have been seized by the U.S, making it clear that this is a huge problem. Nike has been selling goods in countries other than the US. Certain labor related accidents, in countries like Bangladesh where the Nike goods are sold, have led to protests regarding the safety rights and health of the employees. If Nike is forced to invest in the uplifting of health for these employees, it would act as a risk since it would enhance the costs of the company and a contraction in margins. This risk will continue to increase with time as Nike is raising their prices of sports goods. Another risk factor for Nike is the fact that since it generates sales outside US, it is inevitable for the company to face currency fluctuations. Since the dollar has been strengthening and will continue to strengthen, it will pose as a risk for Nike. The company is exposed to the international nature of trade. Since it sells and buys in different currencies, it faces instability in terms of margins and costs over time duration. This means that Nike Inc. might be selling at a loss. With these fluctuations, the income of the company will become varied and the cost for its manufactured goods in other countries will also be altered. This tends to obstruct the objective of Nike to manage and direct the international business of the company as it is developing. Also,

Business Process Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Business Process Management - Essay Example Here, business management process do involve the human interaction actions such as placing orders, the ability to work with multiple applications and lastly the capabil.ity to handle dynamic process changes and rules. The following are important components in business process management they include; process modeling where depiction of a process will become apart of application that is able to control the performance of business when it is run. Technologies involving systems and web integration, here data is enabled for retrieval and display in the web browser. The above enables individuals to orchestrate the pertinent people in the processing of the legacy application into one’s process. Optimization process is also pertinent since individuals as well as dynamic change has been difficulty as per the history (Galambos 97). Optimization has had a great challenge pertaining ownership and visibility in the process that is vital to span departments that are functional or business units. It is worth noting that business has the capability of changing faster than the update rate of the Information Technology, this cause the stifling of the innovations, performance, and growth. Of late, web browsers have been perverse, and further there is emergence of the simplified integration of technological applications as the XML/SOAP. However, this has made it possible for the IT to deploy supportive technology across the functional business processes, organization, and technical silos. Business process management is an application that many enterprises be it small ventures or giant ventures should follow to rectify some challenges pertaining growth of business. Business process management and application provides the following tools; model to business analysts the process return product and rules of the business that bears mandate in controlling the behaviors of the whole processes. More

Environmental Crisis and Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Environmental Crisis and Global Warming Essay The world and mankind are facing different critical issues and problems which we inevitably have to deal with. These concerns have great impact to our lives. Everyday people have to remind themselves of these various perils to their existence. The media together with different organizations help us to become more aware of the problems currently on our midst. People may not find it an alarming and serious issue since the danger at the present time is negligible but sooner or later we will come to realize that we really are into serious danger. Global issues are global concerns. It is felt around the world not just on a particular location. It is a world wide issue that needs to be address. There are many types and forms of current global issues that the world has to face. There is the economic crisis felt all over the world. Various health issues that came out as more people get vulnerable to cancer and other forms of illnesses. There is terrorism which is a crisis in peace and order and security. There is also issue on moral degradation of the society. Lastly is the global warming or global climatic change. Even though some believe global warming to be a hoax, severe weather repercussions and environmental crisis prove the opposite. This global warming is an alarming environmental problem on a global scale. Some people still have doubts if the global warming issue is real or is just an imaginary anxiety fabricated by scientist who has predicted it as a serious problem in the near future. There was hundreds of information released about the onset of global warming. Many people have made research and studies to investigate these phenomena. Documentaries are produce to open the minds and inform the public regarding the new findings regarding the problem. A personal observation on our environment and a closer study will help one to discover and learn more about the development regarding the current issue on global warming. Big Picture of the Environmental Crisis Global warming, what does it really mean? What causes global warming? What factors contribute to this problem? And what are the effects of global warming? All of these are the questions frequently asked regarding this global environmental issue. Global warming is commonly known as the warming of the planet cause by the greenhouse gases that trapped the heat. Global warming is also known as global climatic change or global climatic disruption. Global warming resulted from the increase in heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere that causes the amplified hydrological cycle resulting in increased precipitation and flooding in some regions and more severe aridity in other areas. (Woods Hole Research Center, 2008) The phrase â€Å"climatic change† is preferred recently to be use than global warming because it helps convey that there are other changes aside from rising temperatures. Global warming involves the average increase in temperature of the atmosphere near the earth’s surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute in global climate patterns. Global warming and climatic change can be caused by a variety of factors, both natural and human-induced. (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008) Ozone layer depletion is oftentimes confused with global warming. Climate change and ozone depletion are different from one another but interrelated issues. Ozone depletion is not the principal cause of climate change and climate change is not the principal cause of ozone depletion. However, ozone depleting gases- such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and halons are greenhouse gases that do contribute to climate change. Ozone itself is a greenhouse gas that has effect on climate. In addition, certain changes in earth’s climate could affect the future condition of the ozone layer. For example, low temperature and strong polar winds both affect the extent and severity of winter polar ozone depletion. (EPA, 2008) The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that helps regulate the earth’s temperature. Greenhouse gases (e. g. , carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons) act like insulating blanket, trapping solar energy that would otherwise escape into space. Without this natural greenhouse effect temperatures would be about 60oF lower than they are now and life as we all know it today would not be possible. However human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forest and industrialization have enhance the natural greenhouse effect, causing the earth’s average temperature to rise. (EPA, 2008) The greenhouse effect was first describes in theoretical terms by a Swedish researcher, Svante Arrhenius, in the late 1800s. However it wasn’t until the following century that Arrhenius’ theory was observed. In the 1930s, scientist realized that parts of the globe had warmed during the previous half-century. Then in early 1960s scientist discovered that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was rising. Researchers began to take interest and found a strong relationship in between the increasing carbon dioxide and average global temperature. (EPA, 2008) Human-induced global climatic change is under way. The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) concluded that global mean surface air temperature has increased between about 0. 5 and 1. 1 degrees Fahrenheit in the last 100 years and anticipates a further continuing rise of 1. 8 to 6. 3 degrees Fahrenheit during the next century. Sea-level has risen on average 4-10 inches during the past 100 years and is expected to rise another 6 inches to 3 feet by 2100. (WHRC, 2008) Charts and graphs showed alarming trends. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has increase steadily over the past few years. The increase in the temperature is observed as well as the increase of the sea level. More disturbances in climate patterns have been greater in the previous years. These are environmental changes brought by this problem on global warming. Being Environmentally Conscious What are the ways to be conscious and aware of our impact on earth? People have to find ways or alternative energy resources. In the US for example the energy related activities account for over three quarters of human generated greenhouse emission, mostly in the form of carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels. Enhanced energy efficiency is found to be one of the cheapest, most effective and safest ways to reduce global warming. Buildings should practice energy efficiency. Cutting the fuel cost on the road by effective gas mileage will also help. Making home appliances more energy efficient will significantly lessen energy consumption. (wecansolveit. org, 2008) Adoption of renewable resources will help break the addiction to fossil fuels like coal and oil by switching to renewable energy. These include wind power, solar thermal, solar photovoltaics and geothermal power. (wecansolveit. org, 2008) Campaigns like â€Å"Zero Waste for Zero Warming† should also be supported. Landfills were found to be the largest source of methane (CH4) in the US, a global warming gas 23 times more powerful than CO2. Toxic dumps, landfills and incinerators must not be tolerated. People should learn to recycle and avoid littering. We can also use cloth bags as shopping bags to minimize waste. We need to promote green homes and businesses therefore taking monitor of our own carbon footprint. (Global Day Action, 2007) The Outcome If We Don’t Change Things: Who and What Will Be Affected? Severe weather changes will be the outcome if global warming will not be resolve early. These includes climatic change that will contribute to more destructive hurricanes and floods like Katrina, Gustav and Ike that cost millions of damages to property and life. Severe droughts will be experience in other parts of the world, deadly heat waves, wildfires and ocean temperatures rising. It will also affect the precipitation by increasing about 5 percent in atmospheric water vapor over the oceans increasing the risk of heavy rain and snow events. Scientist also predicted that the global average sea level will rise by 7 to 24 inches by 2100 due to thermal expansion alone. Arctic’s average temperature increases are nearly twice that of the rest of the world. The arctic sea ice could virtually disappear during the summer of 2020. Melting of permafrost will continue. This permafrost is ice that has permanently frozen into the ground. The permafrost traps methane and when the melting continues it will release more of it into the atmosphere. Melting due to climate change is expected to reduce the size and extent of the polar ice caps, even taking to account the potential of more snow and ice accumulation atop the ice sheets due to increased precipitation. Temperature changes in the Arctic Circle also cause polar bears to die. Also temperatures below oceans caused destruction of coral reefs. Ecosystems will also be affected because of floods and drought could lead to the risk of extinction for some animals and plant species. Agriculture and farming will also be affected due to weather extremes. Human health will also be greatly affected which will result in increases cases of malaria and dengue outbreak. Heat-related illness and cold related illness will increase. (EPA, 2008). Sandra Steingraber the author of Living Downstream also mentioned that the increase in cancer cases is attributed to environmental influences. The US Climate Policy The United States Federal Government has established a comprehensive policy to address climate change. This policy has three basic objectives namely: slowing the growth of emissions, strengthening science, technology and institutions and enhancing international cooperation. The federal government is implementing this policy through voluntary and incentive based programs and has established major government-wide programs to advance climate technologies and improve climate science. (EPA, 2008) Some of these policies include the national goal to reduce emissions intensity, current and near tem greenhouse gas reduction initiatives, climate change technology program, climate change science program and international cooperation like the IPCC and the Asia Pacific Partnership on Ocean Development and Climate. Action on global warming by cities and local government includes building codes, zoning, transportation systems and electricity production campaigns. These include local regulation requiring newly constructed homes to be more energy efficient, a city or local subsidy to encourage homeowners to install electricity generating solar panels, local regulations requiring electric utilities to produce at least 20% of their electricity from wind, solar, or other renewable energy sources. , changing the city’s or town’s zoning rules to require neighborhoods have a mix of housing, offices, industry, schools and stores close together to encourage walking and decrease the need for using cars among other regulations or local climate change policies. (American Support for Local Action on Global Warming) Conclusion Global warming is a real problem of our times. Some are skeptics and believe it is just a kind of â€Å"hysteria† by some scientists. Even if Al Gore emphasized global warming in his documentary film â€Å"The Inconvenient Truth† many still have doubts if it is real. Nature or what we call â€Å"mother earth† like humans need to be taken care of. It is our responsibility to manage our earth’s natural resources and to preserve our planet making it a livable place. If people will continue to abuse the environment and become careless in throwing toxic waste and emitting toxic gases our planet will eventually come to destruction someday. The predictions may not be far from real for us at the moment but it doesn’t mean we should neglect our responsibility in protecting our environment. There is still time for people to reduce the outcome of this event. People should start thinking seriously on how they can contribute in solving and altering the increasing scenario of global warming. Reference â€Å"American Support for Local Action on Global Warming† (2008) Yale School of Forestry And Environmental Studies. Retrieved September 29, 2008 from http://environment. yale. edu â€Å"Citizens’ Groups Reject Dirty Waste Technologies, Call For â€Å"Zero Waste for Zero Warming† (2007) Global Day Action Against Waste and Incineration. Retrieved September 29, 2008 from http://gda. no-burn. org â€Å"Enhance Energy Efficiency† (2008) Solutions-wecansolveit. org. Retrieved September 29, 2008 from http://www. wecansolveit. org â€Å"Frequent Questions† (2008). Climate Change. Retrieved September 29, 2008 from http://www. epa. gov â€Å"Global Climatic Disruption- Scientists’ Statement† (1997) Wood Hole Research Center. Retrieved September 29, 2008 from http://www. whrc. org â€Å"U. S. Climate Policy and Actions† (2008) Climate Change-U. S. Policy. Retrieved September 29, 2008 from http://www. epa. gov